DYNAMICS
CAREER
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Affirmative to Negative:
Rule 1:
Only বা alone এর পরিবর্তে উত্তর বাক্যের শুরুতে None but বসে। আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয়না।
Affirmative: Only he can play good cricket.
Negative: None but he can play good cricket.
Affirmative: Only the science students can apply for the post.
Negative: None but the science students can apply for the
post.
Affirmative: Only they can do the work.
Negative: None but they can do the work.
Note: বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে nothing but বসে। তবে বয়সের ক্ষেত্রে বা সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে not more than বসে।
Affirmative: He is only four.
Negative: He is not more than four.
Affirmative: They have only two cars.
Negative: They have not more than two cars.
Rule 2:
Affirmative
sentence এ must থাকলে negative করার সময় must এর পরিবর্তে can not but/ can
not help বসে। তবে can not help এর পরে যে verb থাকে তার সাথে ing যুক্ত করতে হয়।
Affirmative: You must yield to your fate.
Negative: You can not but yield to your fate.
Affirmative: We must obey our parents.
Negative: We can not but obey our parents.
Affirmative: You must care them.
Negative: You can not help caring them.
Rule 3:
Every কে Negative করতে হলে Every এর পরিবর্তে There is no বসে + every এর পরের শব্দটি বসে + but + প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ।
Affirmative: Everyone hates a terrorist.
Negative: There is no one but hates a terrorist.
Affirmative: Everybody fears a lion.
Negative: There is no body but hates a liar.
Rule 4:
As soon as যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে-
As soon as এর জায়গায় no sooner had বসবে + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর কর্তা বসে + সে Sentence এর মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + সে sentence বাকী অংশ বসে + than + দ্বিতীয় বাক্য বসে।
Affirmative: As soon as he he saw the tiger, he ran away.
Negative: No sooner had he seen the Tiger than he ran away.
Affirmative: No sooner had the boy saw the police, he ran away.
Negative: As soon as the boy seen the police than he ran
away.
Rule 5:
Affirmative
sentence কে Negative করার সময় উক্ত sentence এর Affirmative শব্দটির Negative রূপ বসাতে হয়। এবং উক্ত Negative এর পূর্বে not বসাতে হয়। বাকী সব থিক থাকে।
Affirmative: He is a good man.
Negative: He is not a bad man.
Affirmative: Rakib is an honest boy.
Negative: Rakib is not a dishonest boy.
Affirmative: This was an extra-ordinary ship.
Negative: This was not an ordinary ship.
Rule 6:
Always যুক্ত Affirmative sentence কে Negative করতে হলে Always এর পরিবর্তে never বসে। Affirmative শব্দটির Negative রূপ বসাতে হয়।
Affirmative: He was always punctual.
Negative: He was never late.
Affirmative: I always tell truth.
Negative: I never tell lie.
Rule 7:
Superlative degree যুক্ত Affirmative sentence কে Negative করতে হলে –
No other +
superlative এর পরের অংশ + verb + as +
superlative degree এর positive form + as
+ প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Affirmative: He is the best batsman in the team.
Negative: No other batsman in the team is as good as him.
Affirmative: You are the best boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as you.
Rule 8:
Than any other/than
all other যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে হলে –
No other + any
other/all other এর পরের অংশ বসে + প্রদত্ত verb + so/as বসে + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Affirmative: He is better than any other boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as him.
Affirmative: Dhaka is bigger than all other cities in
Bangladesh.
Negative: No other city in Bangladesh is as big as Dhaka.
Rule 9:
Than যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে হলে –
Than এর শেষের অংশ প্রথমে বসে + verb (tense ও person অনুযায়ী) + not + so/as + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Affirmative: He is stronger than you.
Negative: You are not as/so strong as him.
Affirmative: I am taller than you.
Negative: You are not as tall as me.
Rule 10:
As....as যুক্ত positive degree কে Negative করতে হলে –
প্রথম as এর পরিবর্তে not less শেষ as এর পরিবর্তে than বসে।
Affirmative: Robi and Rahat were as strong as Rakib.
Negative: Robi and Rahat were not less strong than Rakib.
Affirmative: He is as good as you.
Negative: He is not less good than you.
Rule 11:
Less...than যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে –
Less এর জায়গায় not as বসবে এবং than এর জায়গায় as বসবে।
Affirmative: He is less ugly than you said.
Negative: He is not as ugly as you said.
Affirmative: You are less good than he said.
Negative: You are not as good as he said.
Rule 12:
Too.....to যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে –
Too এর জায়গায় so বসে + Too এর পরের adjective/adverb বসে + that বসে + পনুরায় subject বসে। + tense অনুযায়ী can not/could not + প্রদত্ত to এর পরের অংশ বসে।
Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
Negative: He is so weak that he can not walk.
Affirmative: The sum was too difficult for me to work out.
Negative: The sum was so difficult for me that I could not
work out.
Affirmative
————————————- Negative
Always ————— Never (Opposite word of Verb, Adjective and Noun)
If we find the word
“Always” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word “Never” instead of
that word [Always] and make opposite word of verb, adjective and noun at the
time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: I will
always remember you.
Negative: I will never forget you.
Affirmative: He is always present.
Negative: He is never absent.
Affirmative: you should always speak the truth.
Negative: You should never tell a lie.
Sometimes———
(Not) always (Opposite word of Verb, Adjective, Noun)
If we find the word
“Sometimes” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word not “Always”
instead of that word [Sometimes] and make opposite word of verb, adjective and
noun at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: He sometimes smokes.
Negative: He does not always smoke.
Affirmative: The rich are sometimes happy.
Negative: The rich are not always happy.
Affirmative: A scholar is sometimes wrong.
Negative: A scholar is not always right.
Must
—————- cannot but/ cannot help
If we find the word
“Must” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word “Cannot but/ cannot
help” instead of that word [Must] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: He must buy a grammar book.
Negative: He cannot but buy a grammar book.
Or He cannot help
buying a grammar book.
Affirmative: We must love one another.
Negative: We cannot but love one another.
Or We cannot help
loving one another.
Affirmative: You must listen to your teacher.
Negative: You cannot but listen to your teacher.
All
————— No (Opposite word of Adjective, Verb)
If we find the word
“All” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word “No” instead of that word
[All] and make opposite word of verb, adjective and noun at the time of
negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: All men are mortal.
Negative: No man is immortal.
Affirmative: All must die.
Negative: No one can escape death.
Affirmative: All must submit to destiny.
Negative: No one can escape his destiny.
For
good/ forever ———— Never (Opposite word of Verb)
If we find the word
“For good/ forever” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word “Never”
instead of that word [For good/ forever] and make opposite word of verb at the
time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: I have sold the house for ever.
Negative: I will never buy the house.
Affirmative: He has left the village forever.
Negative: He will never come to the village again.
Affirmative: I have given up smoking forever.
Negative: I shall never smoke again.
Every
——————– No (Opposite word of Verb, Adjective)
If we find the word
“Every” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word “No” instead of that
word [Every] and make opposite word of verb and adjective at the time of
negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: Everybody is dependent.
Negative: Nobody is independent.
Affirmative: Everyone loves flowers.
Negative: No one hates
flowers.
Affirmative: Everyone loves him.
Negative: No one hates him.
Or There is no one
who does not love him.
Or There is no one but loves him.
Have
to/ has to ——————— cannot but / cannot but help v-ing
If we find the word
“Have to/ has to” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word “Cannot but/
cannot but help v-ing” instead of that word [Have to/ has to] at the time of
negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: I have to buy a new house.
Negative: I cannot but
a new house.
OR I cannot help
buying a new house.
As
soon as ——————- No sooner had —than
If we find the word
“As soon as” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word “No sooner had—-
than” instead of that word [As soon as] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: As soon as I arrived house, it began to rain.
Negative: No sooner had I arrived house than it began to
rain.
Affirmative: As soon as the man saw the tiger, he ran away.
Negative: No sooner
had the man seen the tiger, he ran away.
Many
———————- (Not) a few
If we find the word
“Many” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word not “A few” instead of
that word [Many] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: I have many friends.
Negative: I do not
have a few friends.
Affirmative: They gave me many gifts on my birthday.
Negative: They did not give me a few gifts on my birthday.
A few
————————- (Not) many
If we find the word
“A few” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word not “Many” instead of
that word [A few] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: I have bought a few books.
Negative: I have not bought many books.
Affirmative: He ate a few mangoes.
Negative: He did not eat many mangoes.
Much
——————– (Not) a little
If we find the word
“Much” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word not “Little” instead of
that word [Much] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: He wants much water.
Negative: He does not want a little water.
Affirmative: Ramesh has sold much honey.
Negative: Ramesh has
not sold a little honey.
A
little ——————— (Not) much
If we find the word
“A little” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word not “Much” instead
of that word [A little] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: I want a little milk.
Negative: I do not want much milk.
Affirmative: We sold a little honey.
Negative: We did not sell much honey.
Only
(Person) ———————– None but
If we find the word
“Only” after that any person in affirmative sentence, we will write the word
“None but” instead of that word [Only] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: Only god can help us.
Negative: None but God can help us.
Affirmative: Only he can do the sum.
Negative: None but he can do the sum.
Only
(Thing) ———————— Nothing but
If we find the word
“Only” after that anything in affirmative sentence, we will write the word
“Nothing but” instead of that word [Only] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: Only the moon was visible.
Negative: Nothing but the moon was visible.
Affirmative: I played only cricket.
Negative: I played
nothing but cricket.
Affirmative: I like only mango.
Negative: I like nothing but mango.
Only
(Number/age) ——— Not more than/ not less than
If we find the word
“Only” after that any number and age in affirmative sentence, we will write the
word “Not more than/ not less than” instead of that word [Only] at the time of
negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: Amit is only 16 years old.
Negative: Amit is not less than 16 years old.
Affirmative: You got only 50 % marks in English.
Negative: You got not
more than 50 % marks in English.
Both___
and ———————– Not only __ but also
If we find the word
“Both___ and” after that any number and age in affirmative sentence, we will
write the word “Not only __ but also” instead of that word [Both___ and ] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: Both Rita and Gita were beautiful.
Negative: Not only Rita but also Gita was beautiful.
Affirmative: Ramen is both honest and faithful.
Negative: Ramen is not only honest but also faithful.
As- as
————— Not less- than/ not com (adj) than
If we find the word
“As___ as” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word “Not less- than/ not
com (adj) than” instead of that word [As___ as] at the time of negative
sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: Rupali is as beautiful as Sonali.
Negative: Rupali is not less beautiful than Sonali.
Affirmative: Hasan is as strong as Karim.
Negative: Hasan is not less strong than Karim.
OR Karim is not
stronger than Hasan.
For
the last time ————— Never
If we find the word
“For good/ forever” in affirmative sentence, we will write the word “Never”
instead of that word [For good/ forever] and make opposite word of verb at the
time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: I warn you for the last time.
Negative: I shall never warn you again.
Affirmative: They came here for the last time.
Negative: They will
never come here.
Alone
(Person) ————— None but
If we find the word
“Alone” after that any person in affirmative sentence, we will write the word
“None but” instead of that word [Alone] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: God alone can help me in this situation.
Negative: None but God can help me in this situation.
Affirmative: Mother alone loves her child.
Negative: None but mother loves her child.
Too—-to So—that
If we find “Too—to”
in affirmative sentence, we will use “So—– that” instead of that word [Too —
to] at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
Negative: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Affirmative: The child was too tiny to climb up the tree.
Negative: The child
was so tiny that he could not climb up the tree.
Superlative
degree (The best) ———— No other
If we find
“Superlative degree (The best)” in affirmative sentence, we will use “No other”
instead of that word [Superlative degree (The best)] at the time of negative
sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: Arun is the best boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as Arun.
Affirmative: Tendulkar is the best batsman in India.
Negative: No other batsman in India is as good as Tendulkar.
Than
any other/ than all other ————- No other
If we find “Than
any other/ than all other” in affirmative sentence, we will use “No other”
instead of that word [Than any other/ than all other at the time of negative
sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: Sumit is
better than any other boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as Sumit.
Affirmative: Mumbai is bigger than all other cities in India.
Negative: No other city in India is as big as Mumbai.
Using
helping verb + not without
For Example:
Affirmative: You have power.
Negative: You are not without power.
Affirmative: I hate you.
Negative: I am not without hate for you.
Affirmative: We respect you.
Negative: We are not without respect for you.
Using
of “Not fail to”
For Example:
Affirmative: He plays football.
Negative: He does not fail to play football.
Affirmative: Speak the truth.
Negative: Don’t fail to speak the truth.
Affirmative: I saw the Victoria Memorial Hall.
Negative: I did not fail to see the Victoria Memorial Hall.
Making
double Negative
Every
will be “No” and “Un” will be added with verb
For Example:
Affirmative: He answered every question.
Negative: He left no question unanswered.
Affirmative: You read every story.
Negative: You left no story unread.
Affirmative: The boy solved every problem.
Negative: The boy left no problem unsolved.
If the sentences
are universal truth, you should make the sentences interrogative negative.
For Example:
Affirmative: The sun rises in the east.
Negative: Does not the sun rise in the east?
Affirmative: The earth is round.
Negative: Is not the earth round?
Affirmative: Honesty is the best policy.
Negative: Is not honesty the best policy?
Am,
is, are, was, were + adjective ————– negative and opposite word of adjective
If we find the word
“Am, is, are, was, were + adjective” in affirmative sentence, we will write the
word “Not” instead of that word [Am, is, are, was, were + adjective] and make
opposite word of adjective at the time of negative sentence.
For Example:
Affirmative: Man is
mortal.
Negative: Man is not immortal.
Affirmative: She is
present.
Negative: She is not absent.
Affirmative: My brother is a good boy.
Negative: My brother is not bad boy.
There is a short
cut method to memorize the rules of inter change of sentences from affirmative
to negative sentences.
Affirmative Negative
Always ———–Never (Opposite word of Verb, Adjective and Noun)
Sometimes —— (Not) always (Opposite word of Verb,
Adjective, Noun)
Must
—————————— Cannot but/ cannot help
All
——————————— No (Opposite word of
Adjective, Verb)
For good/ forever
———— Never (Opposite word of Verb)
Every —————————— No
(Opposite word of Verb, Adjective)
Have to/ has to
—————– Cannot but / cannot but help v-ing
As soon as ————————
No sooner had —than
Many ——————————
(Not) a few
A few ——————————
(Not) many
Much ——————————
(Not) a little
A little —————————–
(Not) much
Only (Person)
——————– None but
Only (Thing)
———————- Nothing but
Only (Number/age)
———— Not more than/ not less than
Both___ and ——————– Not only __ but also
As- as ——————————
Not less- than/ not com (adjective) than
For the last time
—————- Never
Alone (Person)
—————— None but
(Too—-to) ————————
So—that
Superlative degree
(The best) ———— No other
Than any other/
than all other ————- No other
Using helping verb
+ not without
Using of “ Not fail
to”
Making double
Negative
If the sentences
are universal truth, you should make the sentences interrogative negative.
Am, is, are, was,
were + adjective ————– negative and opposite word of adjective
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